read or 还是and write——否定句中？

赵振才《英语常见问题解答大词典》（增订版）第1021页or/and词条

【问】The servant can’t read and write in English but can speak English fluently.

(SEFC, 2A，《教师用书》,p.102)

上句中的can’t read and write的用法是否正确？

【答】根据句意，上句中的and应改为or。

——read and/or write结构，真的如同赵振才老师所改动及讲解的吗？

否定句中使用read or write还是read and write？

《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第3页able词条

She’s barely able to read or write . 她几乎不识字。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2165页read词条

He couldn’t read or write . 他不会读写。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第2412页write词条

In some countries children don’t start learning to read and write until they are six.

有些国家的儿童到了六岁才开始学习读书写字。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1099页learn词条

He had never learnt to read and write . 他从来没有学习过文化。

《现代英语用法词典》（修订版 张道真主编）第1023页or词条

or 常用于否定句中，表示 “ 也不 ” （这时不宜用 and ）：

He never smokes or drinks.

Sonia never cleans or even offers to wash the dishes.

肯定句中使用read and write还是read or write——当然是read and write。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1063页read词条

read识字；会读；看懂

She taught all her children to read and write at an early age.

她叫她所有的孩子在年龄很小时就学会读书写字。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第2272页write词条

write写字；写；书写

I’m learning to read and write. 我在学校读书、写字。

《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1720页read词条

By the age of five, he was able to read and write.

他3岁时就能读书和写字。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1701页read词条

Some children can read and write before they go to school.

有些孩子在上学前就会看书写字。

《英语词语用法详解词典》第692页or词条

在否定句中，所列举的并列成分通常用or连接，但当并列成分分别有no修饰时，则可用and连接。

It has no feet or legs.

It has no feel and no legs.

这两句都意为：“它既没有胳膊，也没有腿。”

《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第630页or词条

在否定词后面用or而不用and。例如：

我不喜欢看法或茶。

误：I do not like coffee and tea.

正：I do not like coffee or tea.

I am not detached or remote. 我没有感到孤立或疏远。

《英语常用词疑难用法手册》第043页and词条

通常可以这样理解：

否定 X and Y 时，是对两者相加之和加以否定，而不是对两者分别 —— 加以否定。

例如：

Don’t drink and drive. 勿醉酒开车（不否定醉酒，也不否定开车，但对两者加在一起予以否定）。

而否定 X or Y 时，是对两者每一个部分分别加以否定 。例如：

He can read and write. 是可以的，但He cannot read and write. 就说不清楚究竟他会读不会写还是会写不会读（正确的应该说He cannot read or write.）

否定后面两者用and连接时，究竟是否定哪个肯定哪个，是不清楚的。

否定了X or Y是两者都一一被否定，这个否定，不一定是not, no之类的否定词，也可以不过是带有部分否定意义的副词，如hardly, scarcely, rarely之类。遇到这种情况，要注意这个部分否定的作用是通过 or 一直涵盖到 Y 的，不要把 Y 误解为不受否定 。

尽管各有各的说法，我们还是遵照否定句中使用read or write更为可靠把握。

2017年12月27日

外研版九下Module 4单词知识梳理

Moudle4 单词

set off 动身；出发

sock [sɒk] n. 短袜

whenever [wenˈevə] conj. 每当；无论什么时候

proper [ˈprɒpə] adj. 合适的，适当的

edge [edʒ] n. 边；边缘

yourself [jɔ:ˈself] pron. 你自己

go off 离开

starve [stɑ:v] v. 挨饿；饿死

go [gəʊ] n. 尝试；努力

in one go 一口气；一下子

rock [rɒk] n. 岩；岩石

rock climbing 攀岩

stone [stəʊn] n. 石头

fairly [ˈfeəli] adv. 相当；还算

smooth [smu:ð] adj. 无困难的；顺利的；光滑的；平坦的

straight [streɪt] adj. 直的；笔直的

tent [tent] n. 帐篷

fall [fɔ:l] v. 变成，进入（某种状态）

fall asleep 入睡；睡着

hang [hæŋ] v. 悬挂；吊

sudden [ˈsʌdn] adj. 突然的；急剧的

gun [gʌn] n. 枪

soft [sɒft] adj. 软的；柔软的

still [stɪl] adj. 静止的；不动的

wood [wʊd] n. （小）树林；林地

blood [blʌd] n. 血；血液

Moudle4知识梳理

【重点短语】

Unit 1 You must becareful of falling stones.

1. pay attention to sth. /doingsth. 注意（做）某事

2. for a moment 一会儿

3.set off/out= start off /out 出发，动身

set off for sp. 动身去某地

4. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事

suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人应该做某事

make a suggestion 提建议

5. whenever = no matter when 无论什么时候

6. close to = next to = near 靠近

7. hurt oneself 伤着某人自己

8. keep together 聚在一起，不分散

9. be/ get lost 迷路

10. go off = leave 离开；熄灭；变质

11. on one’s own = by oneself = alone 独自地

12. Start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事

13. be careful of /withsth. 小心某物

be carefulof doing sth. 小心做某事

becareful to do sth. 做某事小心

14. come on 过来；赶快；加油

15. To start /begin with 起初，开始的时候

begin/startwith 以……开始

16. get + adj. 变得（强调变化）

get yellow

Unit 2-Unit3 We must keep the camp clean.

1. watch out = look out = be careful 小心，当心

2. Watch out for sb. /sth. 当心某人/某物

3. the three of us 我们三个人(总共三人)

three of us 我们中的三个(我们不止三人)

4. fall asleep 入睡

5. In the middle of thenight = at midnight 在午夜

6. noise n. 噪音- noisy adj. 吵闹的-noisilyadv. 吵闹地

make a noise 制造噪音

7. look out of …从…往外看

Don’t look out of the window inclass.

8. Open adj. 开着的；营业的-- closed adj.

open v. 打开；开业–close v.

9. in a tree (外来的物)在树上

on a tree (树本身长的的东西)在树上

10. put up 建造；搭起；举起

11. from a long way away 从很远的地方

12. tidy up 收拾；整理；使整洁

13. reach out 伸出(手或臂)

reach out for sth. 伸手去够某物

reach sp. 到达某地

14. look up 抬头；向上看；查找，查阅

15. a piece of wood 一块木头

in the woods 在树林

16. every time = each time 每次；每当(引导时间状语从句)

17. My blood went cold. 我全身发冷。

go bad变坏/变质 go blind 失明

18. except 介词除……之外，常与all, every, anything, anyone,no 等词连用。

19. be made of 由……制成的

The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做成的。

20. wake up to …= realize 意识到

We must wake up to the importance of English.

21. To save water is to save lives. 节约水就是挽救生命。

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

22. pass on … to…=pass… on to…把……传递给……

Please pass on the letter tohim.

23. in order to do sth. 为了做某事

so that + 句子 以便；为了

24. at the same time 同时

25. be known as 作为……而出名

She is known as a writer. 她作为一名作家而出名。

26. be responsible for sb. /sth. 对某人/某事负责

I’m responsible for my child.

【重点句型】

1. You mustn’t walk too close to the edge of the hill.

你绝对不能走得离山路太近。

2. You mustn’t go off on your own.

你一定不要独自出行。

3. Don’t drink all your water in one go.

不要一口气把你的水都喝了。

4. You must be careful of falling stones.

你必须要小心掉落的石头。

5. We stood very still.

我们站着一动不动。

6. No one can run faster in the forest than a bear.

在森林里没有人能比熊跑得快。

7. Parents should take good care of children.

父母应该照顾好孩子。

8. To save water is to save lives.

节约用水就是拯救生命。

9. Take rubbish away with you.

将垃圾随身带走。

10. Remember to take a tent with you to sleep in.

记着搭起帐篷睡在里面。

11. He lifted up the gun and pointed it at the bear.

他举起枪，指向熊。

12. Suddenly,I saw a baby bear playing with some sticks and stones.

突然间，我看到一只小熊在玩树枝和石头。

13. I’m starving!

我都快饿死了。

【话题写作】

作文一：

校园安全问题越来越受到重视，为了确保学生的安全，学校制订了一些规章制度。请根据提示内容，以“School safety”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文。

提示：1.遵守校规，按时到校、离校；

2.不接受陌生人的物品；

3.结伴同行，天黑前到家；

4.遇到麻烦及时告知家长和老师。

范文：

School safety

More and more people pay special attention to the school safety nowadays. Here are some rules to keep us safe.

First， as students, we should follow the school rules, such as not being late for school and leaving school early.Second， we shouldn't go with strangers and we shouldn't accept things from strangers.Third， it's better for us to have partners on the way home and to school.And we must get home before dark.Fourth，if we are in trouble, don't forget to tell our parents or teachers as soon as possible.

I think these rules are good for us. We must obey them.

作文二：

为了使同学们更加健康快乐地成长，学校决定向同学们征求建议。假如你是刘波，用英语向校长写一篇80个词左右的建议信。注意：文中应包含所有要点，并适当发挥；不能出现真实的校名和姓名。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

范文：

Dear Headmaster，

I'm very glad to write a letter to you. These days we are talking about how to have a better school life. Here are some of my suggestions. First， I hope our school will open the library more often. Second，I think our school can organize more after­class activities. Next，I hope our school will give us more time for sports, art and music. And I suggest our school should organize fewer exams as well.

As for our teachers, I hope they will be our friends andmake classes more interesting. And if they can talk less but more clearly in class, we will be more interested in studying and have more time to practice. What's more， I hope they will give us less homework and finish classes on time.

Hope my suggestions will be helpful. Thanks for reading my letter!

Yours sincerely，

Liu Bo

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