UFS深入浅出 第五章 UFS指令集 第二节至第四节 SCSI指令分类详解之一
Section 2 SCSI Command SSU - Start Stop Unit
第二节SCSI命令SSU-开始停止单元
SSU (Start Stop Unit) is like the automotive start engine after handshake UPIU NOP OUT/NOP IN. It is a Command UPIU with a transaction code 0x01. SSU only uses 6 bytes in the UPIU TSF field, which means it could only be a SCSI command(6). Opcode (SCSI Operation Code) is 0x1B.
SSU(开始停止单元)就像是在握手NOP OUT/NOP IN之后的汽车的启动引擎一样。这是一个事务代码0x01的命令UPIU。SSU只用了UPIU TSF字段的6个字节,这个意味着它只能是SCSI 命令(6)。 Opcode (SCSI操作代码)是0x1B。
SSU implement two major functionality and one additional minor feature by setting the CDB parameter Byte-20. The lowest bit is the Start bit to activate or deactivate the UFS Device LU by set to ‘1’ or ‘0’ respectively. The highest 4 bits indicate the power condition will be transited to,while when SSU is used power mode change, LUN could only be Device W-LU (Well-known Logic Unit) 0xD0. We had ever illustrated the power condition mode setting in the Power mode Transition diagram section. The last third bit is for the additional feature to determine if the dynamic data need to be flushed into nonvolatile NAND Flash or not.
SSU通过设置CDB参数第20字节来实现两个主要功能和一个附加的小特性。最低的比特是开始比特来激活或者停止UFS 设备的逻辑单元。最高的四个比特指示了要转移去的电源模式,而当SSU用来做电源模式改变时,LUN只能是Device W-LU(众所周知的逻辑单元) 0xD0。我们曾经在电源模式转换图那一章里解释过电源模式。倒数第三个比特是附加特性来决定是否需要把动态数据写进非易失的NAND闪存。
Section 3 SCSI Command TUR – Test Unit Ready
第三节SCSI命令TUR-测试单元准备好
TUR (Test Unit Ready) is also a Command UPIU with 6 Bytes CDB. It is 2nd level of handshake between UFS host to UFS Device LU. It is quite interesting that the Command UPIU TUR Opcode is 0x00, the same as NOP OUT UPIU transaction code 0x00, since they both do handshake with different target.
TUR(测试单元准备好)也是一个6字节CDB的命令UPIU。这是UFS主机和UFS设备LU之间的第二个层次的握手。命令UPIU TUR的操作代码是0x00,跟空指令出UPIU的事务代码0x00一样,因为它们都是跟不同的目标握手。
Section 4 SCSI Command Read/Write
第四节SCSI命令读/写
Although we have three different read and write CDB, we only need to focus on the Read(10) and Witte(10). Read(6) and Write(6) only use 21bit for logical block address, which means they are not capable to access large density higher than 1GB (512B x 2^21). Read (10) and Write (10) use 4 bytes to carry LBA information, that gives us 2 Petabyte density range, hence no need use Read(16) and Write(16) nowadays. Read(10) opcode is 0x28 and Write(10) opcode is 0x2A.
虽然我们有3种类型的读和写得CDB,我们只需要关注Read(10)和Write(10)。 Read(6)和Write(6)只用了21比特来标识逻辑块地址,这个也意味着它们没能力访问超过1吉字节(512字节乘以2的21次方)以上的容量。Read(10)和Write(10)使用4个字节来携带LBA信息,这个给了我们2拍字节的容量范围,所以现在也没必要再用Read(16)和Write(16)。Read(10)的操作代码是0x28,而Write(10)的操作代码是0x2A。
Bit-6 of UPIU 12-Byte header Byte-1 Flag should be set ‘1’ for read CDB, and Bit-5 of Flag should be set for write CDB. There is a CDB flag byte as well right after CDB opcode byte, in which DPO means Disable page Out, and FUA means Force Unit Access. These are both related to the Cache feature, we will illustrate them in UFS features chapter.
UPIU的12字节头的字节1标志的比特6需要设置‘1’表示读CDB,而标志的比特5需要设置‘1’表示写CDB。在CDB里面也有一个标志字节,就紧跟在CDB的Opcode字节后面,这里面DPO意思是禁止页输出,而FUA意思是强制单元访问。它们都是和Cache特性相关的,我们将会在UFs特性那一章里细说。
Well, after we are familiar with UPIU types, we now can get a flow of how UFS Host write to or read from UFS device. First, let us see read operation, UFS Host send a UPIU Command with SCSI Read CDB to UFS Device (use 10K Bytes data payload for example), then UFS Device send back UPIU DATA IN as needed. UFS device need send back total 3 UPIU DATA IN frames, with 4K Bytes, 4K Bytes, 2K Bytes payload in Data Segment. Finally UFS Device send back a UPIU 32-Bytes Response to indicate this read operation done successfully. If there is error occurred,the UPIU Response will be 52 bytes long with corresponding Sense Data in its DS.
好了,我们熟悉了以上的UPIU之后,现在我们可以得到UFS主机向UFS设备写或者从UFS设备读的流程了。首先,我们看看读操作,UFS主机发送一个带有SCSI读CDB的UPIU命令给UFS设备(用10K的数据载荷举例),然后UFS设备发回需要的UPIU数据进。UFS设备需要总共发回三个UPIU数据进的帧,数据区域分别带有4K字节,4K字节,2K字节载荷。最后UFS设备发回一个32字节的UPIU应答表示这个读操作执行成功。如果有错误发生,UPIU应答就是DS区域带有相应感知数据的52字节长。
Write operation is a little bit different. UFS Host first send UPIU Command with SCSI Write CDB to UFS Device (Still use 10K Bytes data payload for example). Then UFS Device may prepare receiving buffer and send back a UPIU RTT to Host once it is ready. One RTT means UFS Device has 4K Bytes buffer ready for data receiving. Usually, UFS Device support maximum two RTT simultaneously. Here we can see UFS device send back two RTT(could be one as well)back after UPIU Command. Then UFS Host will send one UPIU DATA OUT with 4K byte Payload in its DS. Now, UFS Device has chance to send back another RTT since the total RTT is reduced to one now. Next, UFS Host will send two UPIU DATA OUT with 4K Bytes and 2K Bytes DS separately of remaining data to be sent. Finally. UFS device send back UPIU Response as the ending for this Write Operation.
写操作会有一点不同。UFS主机首先发送带有SCSI写CDB的UPIU命令给UFS设备(仍然用10K自己数据载荷作为例子)。然后UFS设备回准备接收缓冲,准备好后会发回给UFS主机UPIU RTT。一个RTT意味着UFS设备有4K字节缓冲区准备好接收数据。通常,UFS设备支持最多同时两个RTT。这里我们可以看到在UPIU命令之后,UFS设备发送回两个RTT(也可以是一个)。然后UFS主机会发送一个在DS里面有4K自己载荷的UPIU数据出。现在,UFS设备有机会再发送另一个RTT因为总共RTT减少到一个了。接下来,UFS主机会发送两个UPIU数据出,分别带有剩下的待发送数据4K字节和2K字节的数据区。最后,UFS设备以发回的UPIU应答最为这个写操作的结束。
40天轻松记住中考英语1600词:单词+词组+句型(F)
接下来小编将为大家分享2019中考英语1600词及其重点短语和句型,我会按字母顺序陆续发给大家。今天我们一起来学习F开头的单词吧~(大家千万不要错过这个集中记忆单词的好时机哦)
往期回顾
F
1. face n.脸;面孔 v.面对;面向
face to face 面对面地
They stand face to face talking.他们面对面地站在那里谈着。
make a face at 向……做鬼脸
He made faces at the baby to make it laugh. 他向婴儿做鬼脸来逗他发笑。
2. fact n. 事实;真相
in fact 事实上,实际上
3. factor n. 因素;代理商
4. factory n.工厂;制造厂
5. fail v. 失败,不及格
I passed in maths but failed in French. 我数学及格,但法语不及格。
n.failure 失败;不成功
6. fair n. 庙会;集市 adj. 公平的;公道的;白皙的;晴朗的
fair to/on sb. 对某人公正/公平
The ruling was not fair to everyone.这项裁决并非对每个人都公正。
fairly adv. 相当地; 完全地
This is a fairly easy book. 这是相当浅易的书。
7. fall (fell, fallen) v.落下;摔倒
fall asleep 入睡
fall behind 落后
fall ill 患病,病倒
fall in love with 喜欢
I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去的上海,我喜欢上了这座城市。
fall off 摔倒
He fell off his bike. 他从车上摔了下来。
n. (US)= autumn 秋天 ; (pl.) 瀑布Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布
8. false adj. 错误的; 不正确的; 假的
9. family n.家庭;家族
10. famous adj.著名的;出名的
be famous for 因......而著名
be famous as 作为......而著名
Einstein was famous as a great scientist. He was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称,他以他的相对论而闻名。
11. fan n.风扇;扇状物; 迷(某人/某事物热情崇拜者或拥护者)
12. fantastic adj. 极好的
13. far (farther,farthest /further, furthest) adj./adv.远的;久远的
far away 很远,遥远
The new music teacher lives far away.新来的音乐教师住得很远。
as far as 就,至于
As far as I know, he has been to the town only once.据我所知,他只去过镇上一次。
so far 迄今为止
So far the work has been easy到目前为止,这工作很容易。
far from 远离
The school is not far from here. 学校离这不远。
14. farm n.农场;种植场
on the farm 在农场
farmer n.农场主;农夫
15. fascinate v. 使(某人)着迷/神魂颠倒或极感兴趣
The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window.
孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。
fascinating adj. 吸引人的; 迷人的; 使人神魂颠倒的
a fascinating voice/story 迷人的嗓音/故事
16. fashion n. 流行的样式; 时尚; 风尚
be in fashion 流行; 入时
be out of fashion 不再流行;过时
Jeans are still in fashion. 牛仔裤还很时髦。
17. fast adj./adv. 快的
fast food 快餐
近义词辨析:fast / quickly
fast指人或物的运动速度快。例如:The car runs fast. 车子在飞驶。
quickly 指事情发生或完成得快,延续的时间短,也常指人的思维快、反应快或动作敏捷。例如:The student found the answer to the quickly.学生很快地找到了问题的答案。
18. fat adj.(fatter, fattest) 肥的;肥胖的 n. 脂肪;肥肉
If you eat too much chocolate you’ll get fat.吃太多巧克力会发胖。
19. father n.父亲;爸爸
20. favorite adj./n.最受喜爱的(人/物)
Who is your favorite write? 你最喜欢哪位作家?
These books are great favorites of mine. 这些是我最爱的书。
21. fax n./v. 传真
a fax machine 传真机
fax sth. to sb. 用传真机传送
Please fax your plans to me. 请把你的计划用传真机给我传送过来。
22. fear n./v. 恐怕;忧虎;恐惧
fear of height 对高处的恐惧
She feared to speak in front of so many people. 她害怕在这么多人面前讲话。
I fear (that) he is going to die. 我担心他快死了。
23. feature n. 特点;特征;特色
24. February n.二月
25. in February 在二月
26. feed (fed, fed) v .喂养;饲养
Have you fed the cats? 你喂过猫没有?
She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家人。
What do you feed the dog on? 你用什么喂狗?
27. feel (felt, felt) v. 摸索;感知
feel like doing 想要……,相当于want to do/ would like to do
I feel like having a drink.我想喝点酒。
feeling n.知觉;感觉;触觉
28. female n. 女性;女人 adj. 女性的;雌性的
29. fence n. 栅栏;篱笆;围墙
30. festival n.节日;纪念活动日 adj. 节日的,喜庆的
31. fetch v.取来;请来
Fetch a doctor at once. 快去请医生来。
The chair is in the garden; please fetch it in. 椅子在花园了,请把它搬进来。
32. fever n.发烧;发热
have a fever 发烧
He has a high fever. 他发高烧。
33. few adj. 很少的;几乎没有的 pron. 很少
近义词辨析:few/a few
few 是否定词,意思是“没有几个、很少数”,a few 的意思是“有几个、少数”,是肯定词,这两个词都用来修饰可数名词的复数。
34. fiction n. 小说
35. field n. 田;地;牧场;领域
in the field of art/music/science etc.在艺术/音乐/科学等领域
36. fifteen num. 十五
37. fifteenth num. 第十五
38. fifth num.第五(的);第五个(的)
39. fifty num.五十(的)
in one’s fifties在50岁到60岁之间
40. fight (fought, fought ) v./n. 战斗;打架.
fight with/against sb./sth. 和......战斗/打架
Have you been fighting with your brother?你又跟弟弟打架了吗?
We must fight against the enemy. 我们必须与敌人作战。
fight for sth. 为......而战
fight for freedom/human rights 为自由/人权而战
41. fill v.装满;布满
fill a hole with sand 用沙子把洞填满
fill in =fill out 填充;填出
fill in a form 填表格
42. film n.薄层;胶片;电影
see a film 看电影
43. final adj.最后的;最终的
44. finally adv.最后,最终
45. find (found, found) v.发现;找到
find out 发现, 查明
find sb. out 识破,查出坏人。
He had been cheating the taxman but it was years before he was found out. 他过去一直在欺骗税务部门,只是多年以后才被查出来。
finding n. 发现;发现物;调查结果
46. fine adj. 好的;健康的;晴朗的
47. finger n. 手指;指状物
48. finish v.结束;完成 ( + doing )
finish reading a book 读完一本书
49. fire n./v.火焰;火灾;燃烧
light a fire/make a fire 生火
on fire 燃烧
The house is on fire. 房子着火了。
50. firm n. 公司
51. first num. 第一 n. 第一;开始;冠军 adj. 第一的;最早的
first aid 急救
first of all = at first 首先;起初
first name 名
52. fish n.鱼;鱼肉
fisherman n.渔民;钓鱼者(pl. fishermen)
53. fit adj.合适的 v.(使)适合
The food was not fit to eat. 这食物不适合吃。
These shoes don’t fit me. 这双鞋我穿着不合适。
54. five num. 五
55. fix v.使牢固;钉牢;修理
fix up 修理
He is fixing up his bike.他正在修车。
56. flag n.旗;国旗
57. flashcard n. 抽认卡
make flashcards 制作抽认卡
58. flat n.单元房;公寓房间
59. flee (fled, fled) v. 逃跑;逃离;逃开
flee from 逃离,逃跑
During the war thousands of people fled from the country.
在战争期间成千上万的人逃离了国家。
60. flight n. 航班;飞行
61. floor n. 地板,地面;楼层;基底
62. flower n. 花;花朵
63. flu n. 流感
bird flu 禽流感
64. fly n. 飞行;苍蝇;两翼昆虫 v. 飞;驾驶飞机/乘坐飞机;飘扬
fly over 自……上空飞行
65. fold v. 折叠;折起来
66. follow v. 跟随;沿着
following adj. 下列的;接着的
67. food n. 食物;固体食品
68. fool n.蠢人;傻瓜;白痴
April Fool ( April Fool’s Day)愚人节
foolish adj. 愚蠢的;傻的
69. foot (feet) n.脚;足
football n.足球;橄榄球
footstep n. 脚步声;足迹
70. for prep.为了...…的利益;打算去做,给,为了
for sure 毫无疑问,确实
He will find the truth for sure. 他一定会发现真相的。
forever= for ever 永远,总是
I shall remember that happy day forever. 我将永远记住那快乐的一天。
for example = for instance 例如;举例
for the reason 因为
71. forbid v. ( forbad, forbidden) 禁止;不准;不许
Forbidden City 紫禁城
72. force v.强迫
73. foreign adj. 外国的;对外的
foreigner n.外国人
74. forest n.森林地带;森林
forget v.忘记;忽略
近义词辨析:forget/leave
forget 意思是“忘记”某事,而leave则是将物品“遗留”在某地。
I forget that we had met at a meeting before. 我忘了我们以前在一次会议上见过面。
I left the book in his house. 我把书忘在他家里了。
75. fork n.叉子;餐叉
76. form n.形状;结构;表格 v. 形成;构成
77. fortunately adv. 幸运地;幸亏
78. forty num. 四十
79. four num.四
80. fourteen num. 十四
81. fourteenth num.第十四
82. forward n. 前锋 adj. 向前的
83. fox n.狐狸;狡猾的人
84. France 法国
85. French n. 法国人;法语 adj. 法国的;法语的;法国人的
Frenchman, Frenchwoman 法国人
86. free adj.自主的;自由的;
87. for free 免费地
These tickets are for free. 这些票是免费的。
freedom n.自由
88. freeze v. (froze, frozen)(使)结冰;(使)凝固
89. fresh adj. 新鲜的;清新的;淡水的;无经验的
90. Friday n.星期五
91. fridge n.冰箱
92. friend n. 朋友
friendly adj. 友好的
be friendly to sb.对某人友好
93. frog n.蛙类动物;蛙
94. from prep.作为起点的…...;从...…
from now on 从现在起,今后
I will never talk to that man again from now on.从今以后我再也不和那个人说话了。
from … to… 从……到……
from then on 从那时起
From then on she knew she would win. 她从那时起就知道自己会获胜。
95. front n. 前面;正面;前线 adj. 前面的;正面的
近义词辨析:.in front of/in the front of
in front of 在……前面(整体之外的前面)例如:There are two tall trees in front of the house.房子的前面有两棵大树。
in the front of 在……的前面,在……前部(整体之内的前面)。例如:There is a teacher’s desk in the front of the classroom.在教师的前面有一张讲台。
96. fruit n.水果
97. frustrate v.使失望;使沮丧;使厌烦
98. frustrated adj. 感到灰心的;感到沮丧的
99. frustrating adj. 使人心烦的;使人讨厌的;使人灰心的
100. full adj.满的;充满的;饱的
be full of 充满……的
The future of the young is full of hope. 年轻人的前途大有希望。
101. fun n.娱乐;有趣 adj.有趣的
make fun of sb. 取笑某人
She dislikes to be made fun of. 她不喜欢别人取笑她。
funny adj.有趣的;滑稽的
102. furry adj. 毛皮的;似毛皮的;毛皮制的
103. future n.将来,未来
in the future 在将来;在未来
来源 | 中考英语
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麻烦大家看看,这些程序能删除吗?[回答]第一个AdobeFlashPlayer9ActiveX可以升级一下,现在都到10了.第二个是cpu进程驱动接下来的三个ATI是关于显卡的,(驱动及超频工具)下面依次是...
能够较熟练运用C/C++/WINDOWS编程/VC_作业帮[回答]IstartedworkingfromMarch2004,mostlyonR&Dortechinicalsupportjobs.IdidWindowsdevel...
本地swf文件用ie打不开 - 187****1906 的回答 - 懂得解决办法:用360下载个“AdobeFlashPlayer11ActiveX”还有个类似的flash组件然后就OK了希望具体的方法给友友们带点用处要安装最新的FLASHPL...
你的电脑进去BIOS的 那3个选项你选那个 设置U盘开启?-ZOL问答插好U盘(容量够一个G的MP3MP4或其他USB接口的其他存储设备都可以,如果想做WIN7系统一G就不够了)下载完成后解压(有的不需要解压下载后直接就是光盘的图标),双击...
资源管理器打开ftp没反应怎么办?- 一起装修网资源管理器打开ftp没反应怎么办?