2019nand 闪存的新一轮争霸赛-资讯-上海羊羽卓进出口贸易有限公司

2019nand 闪存的新一轮争霸赛

发布时间 : 2024-10-08

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闪存的新一轮争霸赛

2021年，在居家办公、线上教学的普及之下，NAND整体需求大增，价格也是持续攀升。而到了2022年，与大家所预想中的降价局面相反，工厂原料污染、地震、设备供应限制等一系列意外反而让NAND闪存迎来了新一轮的上涨。2022年，闪存新的开局似乎并不平坦，但显然并不妨碍其成为“资本宠儿”。

近日，IC Insights 预测，今年 NAND 闪存资本支出将增长 8% 至 299 亿美元，创历史新高，占 2022 年整个IC 行业资本支出（预测 1904 亿美元）的16%，仅落后于晶圆代工部门41%的占比。

图片来源：IC Insights

晶圆代工产业向来是业内公认的资本大头，闪存资本支出不敌代工可以说是毫不意外。从上图来看，自2017年产业由2D向3D NAND过渡后，每年闪存资本支出都超200亿美元，而今年更是向300亿美元冲刺。不断攀升的资本支出背后，说到底，其实是大厂们对产能和层数的追求。

建厂、收购，巨头产能布局如何？

当前全球NAND闪存市场呈现“多头竞争”态势，从2021年第四季NAND Flash厂商市占率来看，三星电子以33.1%位列第一，日本铠侠占据全球市场第二位（19.2%），其后依次是西部数据（14.2%）、SK海力士（14.1%）、美光（10.2%）。

图片来源：TrendForce集邦咨询

市占率竞争背后，是厂商间的产能之战。当前多变的格局让闪存出货量受到了多重因素的影响，前有铠侠与西部数据合资工厂因原材料污染问题导出货受损，后有俄乌冲突冲击全球半导体产业，夹击之下的产能分布又呈现出怎样的格局？

·三星电子

三星电子作为全球最大的NAND 闪存和DRAM供应商，自2002年夺得市场冠军后，已连续20年位居全球榜首。公开消息显示，三星在韩国平泽、中国西安都有NAND工厂。

三星在平泽拥有较大的半导体厂区，有韩媒报道，三星电子计划2030 年前在平泽厂区兴建6 个半导体工厂。

其中平泽P1厂，于2017年开始在一楼进行64层NAND的生产，2018年，二楼增设了DRAM产线。一楼和二楼每月wafer产能分别为10万片和20万片，月总产能约30万片。

平泽P2厂于2018年确认兴建，2019年竣工并且配备完毕，自2021 年开始营运，主要用于扩大DRAM、NAND Flash存储器的产能，总投资额约30万亿韩元，产能规模与一期相当。2020年5月，三星投资8兆韩元扩增内存NAND Flash 生产线，计划2021下半年开始量产先进的V-NAND芯片。

平泽P3厂则于2020年开始动工，占地规模比建成的P2要大，预计可能是DRAM、NAND Flash、系统半导体等混合工厂。据韩媒最新报道，P3工厂已经进入到基础设施投放的环节，正在准备一条176层3D NAND生产线，初期月产能约10K，DRAM和晶圆代工随后同时开建。目前消息显示，P3厂计划2023 年下半年竣工，将成为全球最大的半导体工厂，不过业界目前盛传P3 厂将提前至2022 年投产。业界人士透露，P3 厂提前完工后，三星也将在今年提前建设平泽四厂(P4)。

除了韩国平泽外，三星还计划在中国西安打造全球最大的闪存基地。

韩国《STRAIGHTNEWS》最新新闻指出，三星电子近期完成了在西安建设的半导体二期扩建工程，并正式投入生产。三星电子西安二期项目的投产，达到13万片/月的产能，再加上原来每月12万片的产量，产能将达到25万片/月。通过此次扩建，三星电子的NAND闪存生产能力将占世界市场的10%以上。

西安三星半导体一期项目于2012年9月开工建设，2014年5月建成投产，其中闪存芯片项目投资100亿美元。二期项目于2017年投资70 亿美元建设，于2019年追加投资 80 亿美元进一步扩大规模。

·铠侠

铠侠是全球第二大NAND 型快闪记忆体厂，今年年初发生材料污染的晶圆厂就是铠侠与西部数据位于日本三重县四日市和岩手县北上市的工厂。

日本四日市是铠侠重要的生产基地，1992年成立的四日市工厂，1992年4月第一座制造大楼落成，目前用于生产3D NAND的厂房，包括Fab2、Fab3、Fab4、Fab5、Fab6。

2020年年底，为加速追赶三星，铠侠曾在两个月内两次宣布扩建3D NAND闪存晶圆厂。2020年10月，铠侠宣布为了加强3D NAND Flash产品BiCS FLASH的产能，决定于2021年春季，在日本三重县的四日市工厂兴建新厂房Fab7。同年12月，铠侠再次宣布将在日本岩手县现有的K1工厂旁预留出13.6万平方米面积作为K2厂区的建设空间，据悉，K2厂房规模将达K1的2倍，将成为铠侠旗下最大规模的厂房。如果计划顺利进行，这两座新的晶圆厂都将在2023至2024年左右全面落成。

时隔一年多，铠侠再次宣布扩产。今年3月23日，铠侠宣布，将开始对位于日本岩手县北上市的工厂进行扩建，兴建新的Fab 2工厂，以提高3D NAND闪存的产量。铠侠表示，此次扩建计划2022年4月开始动工，预计2023年竣工，未来会专注于BiCS Flash的生产。

·SK海力士

从产能方面来看，SK海力士的NAND闪存产能主要在韩国，目前主要生产基地有清州M11、M12、M15以及利川M14。据韩媒Ddaily报道，SK海力士将从今年Q3开始在现有M15厂区内通过扩充生产设备的方式全力运营M15。据悉，从去年年底开始，M15就开始投入无尘室建设，预计2022年10月完工后，便会开始移入相关设备，NAND产能有望得到进一步的提升。

除了上述NAND生产基地外，SK海力士通过收购英国存储业务，在中国大连也有了NAND的布局。

2020年10月，英特尔宣布把存储业务以90亿美元的价格出售给SK海力士，包括英特尔的NAND（非易失性存储）固态硬盘业务、NAND组件和晶圆业务，以及位于中国大连的NAND闪存生产基地。2021年12月30日，SK海力士完成了收购Intel NAND闪存及SSD业务案的第一阶段。

具体来看，收购款90亿美元中，SK海力士第一阶段交割70亿美元并接手基于英特尔闪存的数据存储装置SSD（Solid-State Drive）业务及其位于中国大连的晶圆厂“Fab 68”。2025年3月支付剩余20亿美元后接管晶圆研发（R&D）和大连工厂资产，最终完成收购。

在2020年财报会议上，SK海力士首席执行官李锡熙表示，收购英特尔的闪存业务后将使公司的相关收入在五年内达到收购前的三倍。从最新的消息来看，SK海力士日前曾表示，公司完成收购英特尔NAND事业的第一阶段后，预计NAND的出货量增加到一倍。

CFM闪存市场数据显示，SK海力士收购英特尔大连NAND工厂之后，其NAND市占率有望超过20%。

·美光

美光虽然在美国弗吉尼亚州马纳萨斯有一家小型DRAM 和 NAND 工厂，但其主要NAND工厂在新加坡制造，DRAM 工厂则是在台湾和日本。

美光在新加坡不仅成立了非易失性存储器的NAND卓越中心，还设立了公司最大规模的制造基地，其中包括三个200毫米和300毫米的存储器晶圆厂，以及一个测试和组装厂。2016年美光在新加坡成立NAND卓越中心，包括新加坡Fab 10晶圆厂区，负责生产最新一代3D NAND闪存。2018年，美光宣布继目前在新加坡拥有Fab 10N、Fab 10X两座NAND Flash快闪存储器工厂之后，将在当地兴建第3座NAND Flash快闪存储器工厂。2019年，第3座工厂建设完成。

层数“厮杀”或迈入200层

在PC、智能手机的推动下，人们对于闪存的存储要求越来越高，然而随着工艺的提升，在平面上提升容量显然已无法满足要求，厂商们便开始转向在垂直方向上提升容量，3D NAND就此诞生，相比2D NAND，3D NAND通过将原本平铺的储存单元堆叠起来，形成多层结构，来提供容量，使原本只有1层的储存单元，堆叠成64层甚至更多。

换句话说，对于3D NAND，层数越高，可具有的容量就越大，因此，增加层数以及提高产量是衡量技术实力的标准。毫无疑问，闪存层数数量也自然而然得成为了各大厂商技术比拼的最直接的评判标准之一。

2014-2023年的世界领先存储公司的闪存路线图

图片来源：TechInsights

·三星

三星称3D NAND技术为V-NAND，从上述路线图可以看出，三星电子最早在3D NAND开拓疆土，2013年8月初就宣布量产世界首款3D NAND，并于2015年推出32层的V-NAND，之后，又陆续推出48层、64层、92层、128层的V-NAND。

可以说，在3D闪存方面，三星之前一直处于领先状态。但近几年，在128层、176层NAND上，三星却被接连被SK海力士、美光赶超，原计划2021年末开始量产的176层NAND也推迟到2022年第一季度。不过对于三星来说，在下一代闪存上面追赶上来，重新获取领先优势还是很有希望的。

据businesskorea日前报道，三星电子将在2022年底推出200层以上的第8代NAND闪存。与上一代176层NAND产品相比，224层NAND闪存可以将生产效率和数据传输速度将提高30%。

·铠侠

铠侠除了全球第二大存储厂外，也是NAND的发明者。1987年铠侠的前身东芝存储推出了全球首个NAND闪存芯片。不过相比三星、SK海力士，铠侠开始生产3D NAND的时间较晚，2016年才开始生产。

截至目前，其BiCS Flash层数已经从48层到64层、96层、112层到了现在的162层。值得注意的是，铠侠在不断增加层数的同时也在不断提升平面密度。在162层第六代BiCS (BiCS6)中，铠侠采用CUA结构，即CMOS电路配置在存储阵列下方，该设计最早出现于美光64层堆叠3D闪存当中，可以缩小芯片面积，从而在每片晶圆中产出更多的芯片。据了解，未来，铠侠会引入CBA结构，在垂直和水平上缩小Die尺寸。

·SK海力士

SK 海力士在3D NAND上稍晚于三星，于2014年推出3D NAND产品，并在2015年推出了36层的3D NAND，后续按照48层、72层/76层、96层、128层、176层的顺序发展。其中，128层属于全球首发。

在2019年的美国闪存峰会上，SK海力士曾公布3D NAND技术路线图，从该技术路线图来看，当前SK海力士闪存产品的推出都按照计划进行中，已达到V7等级。此外，此路线图还展示，在2025年SK海力士 3D NAND将达到500层的堆叠高度，2030年将达到800多层。

图片来源：闪存市场

在2021年的 IEEE 国际可靠性物理研讨会上，SK 海力士首席执行官李锡熙曾表示，其正在改进 DRAM 和 NAND 各个领域的技术发展所需的材料和设计结构，并逐步解决可靠性问题。如果以此为基础，并取得创新，将来有可能实现 10nm 以下的 DRAM 工艺和堆叠 600 层以上的 NAND。

总的来说，虽然该技术路线图未提到2022年，但从技术更迭速度来看，2022年，SK海力士也是有望在200层以上一争高下。

·美光

美光在2020年11月宣布量产业界首个176层堆栈的NAND Flash闪存，产品在新加坡工厂量产，并通过其Crucial消费类SSD产品线送样给客户。

据了解，美光176层3D NAND部件是使用2个88层平台的字符串堆叠构建的512Gbit TLC芯片，与上一代128层3D NAND技术相比，将读取延迟和写入延迟改善了35%以上，基于ONFI接口协议规范，最大数据传输速率1600 MT/s，提高了33%，混合工作负载性能提高15%，紧凑设计使裸片尺寸减小约30%。2022年1月25日，美光科技发文称，已批量出货全球首款 176层QLC(四层单元)NAND固态硬盘(SSD)。

本土破局之道

相比全球的“大刀阔斧”，我国闪存产业就显得有点低调。由于起步较晚且缺乏技术经验累积，我国闪存技术与国际原厂之间存在一定的差距，存储芯片技术基础薄弱。

虽然发展面临一定的难题，但当前以智能手机、计算机等消费电子领域等为代表的应用正推动着中国3D NAND闪存芯片市场需求的增长。据民生证券2021年7月统计，中国是全球第二大NAND市场，NAND Flash 需求占全球 31%，但本土供应市占不足1%。

图片来源：民生证券

巨大的市场需求之下是潜在的发展机遇，再加上边缘政治冲突加大了企业对芯片国产替代的迫切心理，我国半导体产业发展势头空前迅猛，政府也在积极通过政策引导和产业资金扶持，鼓励本土存储芯片企业加强技术研发，以减少差距，早日实现自主研发。

而对于企业来说，更应该注意产业的发展周期。众所周知，NAND闪存是一个价格涨落具有明显周期性的行业，而价格的涨落又会带动整个行业形成较为明显的荣衰周期。因此，本土企业发展不仅要不断拓展、持续更新，更应该根据市场情况的变动灵活调解产能和产品推出的节奏，才能在竞争中存活下来。

行业加速发展的背景下，本土3D NAND厂商也在“闷声干大事”。以长江存储为例，作为3D NAND新晋者，长江存储在2020年4月初发布128层3D NAND ，容量分别为1.33Tb QLC和512Gb TLC 3D NAND，目前基于长江存储128层闪存技术打造的固态硬盘已经上市。此外，长江存储武汉存储器基地一期产能已稳定量产，二期也于2020年开工，持续扩大产能。

写在最后

Allied Market Research报告显示，2020 年全球 3D NAND 闪存产业产值123.8 亿美元，预计到2030 年将产值 784.2 亿美元，2021 年至 2030 年的复合年增长率为 20.3%。无论是开头提到的资本支出还是这份报告显示产业产值增长率，似乎都在说明3D NAND迎来了新一轮的上行周期，而全球巨头也开始进入产能和层数的双重“厮杀”。

但是，对于本土企业来说，虽说要时刻注意市场趋势，但也不必过于“紧绷”，毕竟面临一场下行周期未必完全就是一件坏事，或许只有经历了一轮行业周期的磨练才能成长为一家有竞争力的企业。

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晶圆｜集成电路｜设备｜汽车芯片｜存储｜台积电｜AI｜封装

王毅在法国国际关系研究院的演讲（双语全文）

当地时间2020年8月30日，国务委员兼外长王毅在法国国际关系研究院发表题为《团结合作，开放包容，共同维护人类和平发展的进步潮流》的演讲。

当地时间2020年8月30日，国务委员兼外长王毅在法国国际关系研究院发表演讲。（图片来源：外交部官网）

以下为演讲双语全文：

团结合作，开放包容

共同维护人类和平发展的进步潮流

Upholding the Trend of Peace and Development of Our World with Unity, Cooperation, Openness and Inclusiveness

——在法国国际关系研究院的演讲

（2020年8月30日，法国巴黎）

中华人民共和国国务委员兼外交部部长王毅

Speech by H.E. Wang Yi

State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs of

The People's Republic of China

At the French Institute of International Relations

Paris, 30 August 2020

尊敬的德蒙布里亚尔院长，

各位来宾，各位朋友：

Executive Chairman Thierry de Montbrial,

Distinguished Guests,

Friends,

很高兴再次到访欧洲。过去半年多来，一场突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情席卷了全球。疫情是一面镜子，照射出复杂的世界图景，既有像中欧这样同舟共济、携手合作的暖流，也有甩锅推责、单边霸凌的逆流。比新冠病毒更可怕的是制造仇恨与对抗的“政治病毒”。将疫情政治化、标签化，甚至将特定国家污名化，不仅解决不了自身的问题，反而严重侵蚀着国际社会的团结合作。

It is such a pleasure to come back to Europe. In the past six months, the world was swept up in an unexpected coronavirus epidemic. The disease has held up a mirror to a complex international scene where heartwarming acts of partnership and collaboration such as those between China and Europe are juxtaposed with the undertows of blame games, unilateralism and bullying. Yet, what is even more alarming than the coronavirus is a political virus that is stoking hatred and confrontation. Politicizing and attaching a geographical label to the epidemic, and even stigmatizing a specific country will not solve one's own problems. It will only erode international solidarity and cooperation.

和欧洲一样，中国是世界上最古老也是最受尊重的文明之一。习近平主席说过，实现中华民族伟大复兴，是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。只有创造过辉煌的民族，才懂得复兴的意义；只有经历过苦难的人民，才对复兴有如此深切的渴望。中国的复兴，是为了实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福，是让中华文明重归人类发展进步的潮头，开启中国与世界开放交融的新纪元。一些人称中国的复兴是为了改变甚至征服世界，这是对中国历史、中华文明的无知。Like Europe, China is one of the oldest and most respected civilizations in the world. As President Xi Jinping said, realizing national rejuvenation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times. Only nations that once achieved greatness could appreciate the meaning of rejuvenation. Only peoples that survived so many trials and tribulations would yearn for rejuvenation.What China's rejuvenation is about is achieving the prosperity of the country, revitalization of the nation and happiness of the people. It is about bringing the Chinese civilization back to the forefront of human progress and starting a new era of openness and integration with the world.The assertion that China's rejuvenation is to remake or conquer the world only reveals a lack of knowledge about Chinese history and the Chinese civilization.

在中华民族的血液里，从来没有侵略的基因。历史上，中国在相当长时期曾是世界上最强大的国家之一，但并没有谋求对外扩张、称霸世界。在中华文明的词典中，历来崇尚“以和为贵”“和而不同”，致力于“亲仁善邻”“协和万邦”。对和平和谐的追求，根植于中国人的精神世界，也是我们如今大力倡导人类命运共同体的文化渊源。Aggression never flows in the veins of the Chinese nation. For a long time in history, China was one of the world's most powerful countries, yet it never sought expansion or global dominance.Among the traditional tenets of the Chinese civilization are phrases such as the "paramount importance of peace" , "seeking harmony without uniformity", "fostering amity with one's neighbors" and "promoting harmony among all nations", to name a few.Commitment to peace and harmony is deeply rooted in the mindset of the Chinese. It has also been the cultural inspiration behind China's active pursuit of a community with a shared future for mankind.

中华文明是世界上罕见的连续不断的超大型文明，今天的中国对于传统文明进行了创造性转化、创新性发展。在中国共产党的带领下，中国人民艰难探索、砥砺前行，找到了一条复兴发展的成功道路，这就是中国特色社会主义道路。The Chinese civilization has a proud history stretching uninterrupted for several millennia, a rare achievement among the mega civilizations in the world. Today's China has creatively adapted its ancient civilization to seek new progress. Led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese people have forged ahead against all odds, and embarked on a successful path of development leading toward national rejuvenation. It is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

在这条道路上，中国实现了跨越式发展，综合国力不断提升。从一穷二白发展成为全球第二大经济体；从物资短缺发展到唯一拥有全部工业门类的制造业大国；从一个屡受侵略的半殖民地国家，发展成为拥有安理会常任理事国席位的世界大国。Following this path, China has achieved leapfrog development and seen continued rise of its comprehensive national strength. Once an impoverished country, China has grown into the world's second largest economy.Once a shortage economy, China has developed into a manufacturing giant, the only one equipped with a complete range of industries.Once a semi-colonial country subjected to repeated aggression, China has emerged as a major country with a permanent seat at the UN Security Council.

在这条道路上，人民实现了真正当家作主，生活水平不断改善。过去70年来，中国有超过8.5亿人口摆脱了贫困，人均寿命从35岁提高到77岁，实现了近14亿人从贫困到温饱再到小康的历史性跨越。去年美国波士顿咨询公司发布的全球民生福祉报告显示，过去10年中，中国排名上升25位，在受调查的152个国家中进步最快。今年，中国人民将在中国共产党的带领下，全面建成小康社会，决战脱贫攻坚。这意味着在中国历史上第一次彻底摆脱绝对贫困，提前10年实现2030年可持续发展议程的减贫目标。Following this path, we the Chinese people have mastered our own fate and enjoyed a better life. In the past seven decades, more than 850 million Chinese people were lifted out of poverty; average life expectancy more than doubled from 35 to 77 years; the nearly 1.4 billion Chinese people have made a historic leap from destitution to subsistence and to a life of moderate prosperity. A report by Boston Consulting Group on citizen welfare found that China jumped 25 spots in the last decade, the most impressive advance among the 152 countries polled globally.Under the leadership of the CPC, the Chinese people are on course to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and win a decisive victory against poverty this year. This means that China will eliminate absolute poverty for the first time in its history and meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals on poverty ten years ahead of schedule.

各位朋友，Friends,

中国的发展是中国人民用勤劳、智慧和勇气干出来的，也得益于和平友善的国际环境，得益于互利共赢的国际合作。同时，中国的发展不仅造福于中国人民，也惠及了全世界。China owes its development achievements, first and foremost, to the hard work, wisdom and courage of the Chinese people. It has also benefited from a peaceful and amicable international environment and win-win cooperation with the rest of the world. At the same time, China's development has not only benefited its own people, but also the whole world.

中国始终是世界和平的建设者，为国际格局演进不断注入正面能量。新中国成立之初，就确立了独立自主的和平外交政策，并把维护世界和平写进了第一部宪法，是世界上第一个做出这一庄严承诺的国家。70多年来，中国从未主动挑起过战争和冲突，从未侵占过别国一寸土地。现在中国已成为联合国会费和维和摊款第二大出资国，是安理会常任理事国中派出维和士兵最多的国家，参与了所有重大国际和地区热点问题的解决。China has all along been a promoter of world peace, injecting positive energy into the evolving international architecture. Soon after the founding of the People's Republic, China adopted an independent foreign policy of peace. We incorporated "to safeguard world peace" into our first constitution, making China the first country in the world to make such a weighty commitment. Over the past seven decades, China has never provoked a war or conflict, and has never occupied an inch of others' land. Today, China is the second largest contributor to the UN regular budget and the peacekeeping budget, and has sent more peacekeepers to UN missions than any other permanent member of the Security Council. We are involved in the settlement of all the major international and regional hotspot issues.

中国始终是国际秩序的捍卫者，为全球治理体系不断增添稳定因素。中国已加入了几乎所有普遍性政府间国际组织和500多项国际公约，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，坚决维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序，维护以世贸组织为代表的多边贸易体制。China has all along been a defender of the international order, bringing stability to the global governance system. China has joined almost all the universal inter-governmental organizations and acceded to more than 500 international conventions. We have taken an active part in the reform and development of the global governance system. We have resolutely upheld the international system centered around the United Nations, the international order based on international law, and the multilateral trading regime represented by the WTO.

中国始终是全球化的推动者，为构建开放型世界不断作出重要贡献。中国已成为世界上开放程度最高的国家之一。截至2019年，中国总体关税水平已降至7.5%以下，低于世界绝大多数国家。中国市场准入不断扩大，已连续两年成为营商环境改善幅度最大的经济体之一。中国是全球130多个国家和地区的最大贸易伙伴，是国际各大跨国企业最重要的市场之一。China has all along been a facilitator of globalization, making major contributions to building an open world. Today, China is one of the most open economies in the world. As of 2019, overall tariffs were brought down to less than 7.5 percent, lower than most countries in the world. We have kept expanding market access. For two years running, China has been among the major economies that have made the biggest improvement in their business environment. We are the number one trading partner for 130-plus countries and regions and one of the most important markets for multinational companies.

7年前，习近平主席着眼全球化发展新形势，提出了“一带一路”国际合作倡议。7年来，中国已经同138个国家签署了共建“一带一路”合作文件，与合作伙伴国家的货物贸易总额累计超过了7.8万亿美元，直接投资超过了1100亿美元，有力促进了各国民众就业和社会经济发展。今年上半年，中国对共建“一带一路”国家的投资同比增长19.4%，中欧班列运行5122列，同比增长36%，成为承载希望的“钢铁驼队”，为保障疫情下中欧及“一带一路”合作伙伴物流畅通和物资供应稳定发挥了重要作用。In view of the new developments in globalization seven years ago, President Xi Jinping put forward the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for international cooperation. Since then, we have signed cooperation documents with 138 countries. Trade in goods with partner countries has exceeded US$7.8 trillion, and direct investment surpassed US$110 billion, providing a strong boost to local employment and social and economic development. In the first half of this year, China's investment in BRI countries increased by 19.4 percent. China-Europe railway express, dubbed as "steel camel fleets", ran 5,122 cargo trips, up by 36 percent year on year. Bringing hope wherever it goes, the railway express has played an important role in maintaining smooth logistics and stable supplies between China, Europe and other BRI partners under the COVID-19 situation.

中国始终是世界发展的贡献者，为全球经济增长不断提供强劲动力。改革开放以来，中国是世界上发展速度最快的国家之一，连续10多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%，中国的减贫事业对全球减贫贡献率超过70%。无论是在1997年爆发的亚洲金融危机还是2008年爆发的国际金融危机中，中国稳健的政策、坚实的经济基础，都在地区和世界经济复苏发展中起到重要拉动作用。China has all along been a contributor to world development, providing sustained driving force for global growth. In the past four decades since reform and opening-up, China has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world, contributing over 30 percent to global growth for the past ten-plus years and over 70 percent to global poverty reduction. In both the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis, China weathered the storms with its well-calibrated policies and solid economic fundamentals and served as a major engine driving regional and global economic recovery.

面对全球疫情，过去半年来，我们发起了新中国历史上规模最大的全球紧急人道行动。我们响应各国需求，向150多个国家和国际组织提供紧急医疗物资援助，为180多个国家举办卫生专家专题视频会议，向31个有紧急需求的国家派遣了33支医疗专家组。Over the past few months, in the face of the pandemic, China launched a global campaign of emergency humanitarian assistance at a scale unseen in the history of the People's Republic. China has provided timely medical supplies assistance to over 150 countries and international organizations in response to their needs. We have organized thematic video conferences between Chinese health experts and their counterparts in more than 180 countries. We have sent 33 medical teams to 31 countries badly in need.

这些鲜活的数据、真实的事例，无不说明了一个道理，那就是：中国人民选择的发展道路，顺应了14亿中国人民的愿望，顺应了和平发展的时代潮流，不仅有益于中国，同样有益于世界。既然这条道路是正确的，我们当然要继续坚定不移地走下去。These telling facts and figures all serve to show that the development path chosen by the Chinese people meets the aspirations of the 1.4 billion Chinese people and conforms with the trend of peace and development of our times. It is a path that serves the interests of not only China but also the entire world. Since it has been proven right, we have every reason to keep following this path.

各位朋友，Friends,

新冠肺炎疫情给中国经济带来了严重冲击，但实践证明，中国在疫情的冲击下屹立不倒，展现出强劲的复苏势头，显示出强大的韧性和潜力。第二季度的中国经济已经止跌回升，增长3.2%，成为世界上第一个恢复增长的国家。据国际货币基金组织预测，中国将成为2020年少数几个保持正增长的国家之一。最近调查显示，99.1%的外企表示将继续在华投资经营，89%的欧盟企业不会考虑把产业链撤出中国，中国仍是大部分欧洲企业的前三大投资目的地之一。这些都是世界给中国发展所投下的“信任票”。Despite the serious impact of COVID-19, the Chinese economy has stayed strong and demonstrated a robust momentum of recovery, great resilience and enormous potential. China's GDP expanded by 3.2 percent in the second quarter, back into positive territory, making China the first economy to register positive growth. IMF forecasts put China as one of the few countries that will maintain positive growth in 2020. According to a latest survey, 99.1 percent of foreign companies in China will continue to invest and operate in China, and 89 percent of the surveyed EU businesses said they are not considering moving their industrial chains out of China. China remains one of the top three investment destinations for most European companies. All of these are, in a sense, a vote of confidence in China's development.

面临不断变化的国际环境，中国提出要充分发挥超大规模市场优势和内需潜力，构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。我们将进一步扩大内需，扩大对外开放，同世界更多分享中国的发展红利，以自身复苏带动世界共同复苏，以自身发展带动世界共同发展。Given the evolving global environment, we have set out the goal of fostering a new, dual-cycle development architecture with the domestic cycle as the mainstay and with domestic and international development reinforcing each other. Such a development structure draws from the strengths of China's mega-sized market and the huge potential of domestic demand. China will further tap into its domestic demand, expand opening-up and share more of its development dividends with the rest of the world. We hope our recovery and development will fuel common recovery and development of the world.

中国将继续坚持和平发展。中国不是当年的苏联，更不愿也不可能去做第二个美国，无论发展到什么程度，我们都永远不会称霸，永远不搞扩张。我们将坚持走“对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟”的国与国交往新路，构建更加广泛的全球伙伴关系，不断扩大我们的“朋友圈”。China will stay committed to peaceful development. China is not the former Soviet Union, still less will it or can it be another United States. No matter how developed China becomes, it will never seek hegemony or expansion. What China pursues is a new model of state-to-state relations featuring dialogue and partnership, not confrontation or alliance. We hope to forge broader partnerships and further expand our circle of friendship in the world.

中国将继续坚持开放发展。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。我们将以更低的关税水平、更短的负面清单、更便利的市场准入、更透明的市场规则、更有吸引力的营商环境，打造更高水平的开放型经济，形成全方位、多层次、多元化的开放合作格局，为全世界创造更多机遇。China will stay committed to open development. China will not shut its door to the outside world, but only open it wider. We will further lower tariffs, shorten the negative list for foreign investment, ease market access, and make market rules more transparent and the business environment more attractive. We will upgrade our open economy and pursue openness and cooperation in all directions, at all levels and in all forms to create more opportunities for the world.

中国将继续坚持合作发展。中国的发展得益于与世界各国的友好合作。我们将继续积极推进大国协调合作，加强同周边国家睦邻友好关系，增进与发展中国家团结合作，以合作促安全、以合作谋发展、以合作迎挑战。China will stay committed to cooperative development. China's development has benefited from cooperation with other countries. We will continue to strengthen coordination and cooperation with other major countries, increase friendship with our neighbors and enhance solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. We will work closely with all countries to pursue greater security, better development and meet common challenges together.

中国将继续坚持共赢发展。我们一贯反对零和博弈和赢者通吃，决不会通过掠夺别国资源、牺牲别国利益来实现自己的发展。我们始终秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观，始终奉行互利共赢的开放战略，与各国一道不断做大合作的蛋糕，实现共同发展的愿景。China will stay committed to win-win development. China is against the zero-sum or winner-takes-all approach of development. We will never go down the beaten path of grabbing others' resources or sacrificing others' interests. We believe that global governance should be based on consultation, cooperation and shared benefits. By following a win-win strategy of opening-up, we will make the pie of cooperation bigger and pursue common development with all countries.

中国将继续坚持包容发展。我们尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利，不会输出制度与模式，更不愿搞意识形态对抗，将继续以实际行动维护世界文明的多样性，推动发展模式的交流互鉴。China is committed to inclusive development. We respect the right of other peoples to choose their own development path. We do not seek to export our system or model of development, nor are we interested in ideological confrontation. We will continue to take concrete actions to protect the diversity of civilizations and promote exchanges and mutual learning between development models.

各位朋友，Friends,

世界正处于百年未有之大变局，突如其来的疫情无疑使变局加速演进。在百年变局与世纪灾疫面前，人类再次面临进步还是倒退、团结还是分裂、开放还是封闭的关键抉择。The world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, accelerated by the sudden onslaught of COVID-19. Faced with changes and a pandemic unseen in a century, humanity needs to once again make a crucial choice, a choice between progress and regression, between solidarity and division, and between openness and seclusion.

纵观近代史，人类文明进程曾多次被极端势力打断。最近，世界上又有一股势力蠢蠢欲动，企图为世界拉下新的“铁幕”，竖起新的“柏林墙”，制造一场新的“冷战”。当前的中美关系面临建交以来最严峻局面，根源在于美国一些极端势力处心积虑地要把中国渲染成主要对手，不择手段地遏制中国的发展进程。他们还蓄意在国际上挑动意识形态对立，公开胁迫别国选边站队，试图将中美关系拖进冲突对抗的陷阱，将各国绑上大国竞争的战车，将好端端一个世界推向动荡与分裂。In modern history, the progress of human civilization had been halted several times by radical forces. What we are seeing now is that some are again maneuvering to draw a new Iron Curtain, erect another Berlin Wall, and start a second Cold War. The China-US relationship is in its most testing time since the establishment of diplomatic relations. It has come to this stage because some hardliners in the US have gone to great lengths to portray China as a major rival. They have resorted to every possible means to suppress China's development. They have also been stoking ideological confrontation internationally, and publicly coercing countries into choosing sides, trying to drag China-US relations into confrontation and conflict, and hijack other countries onto their chariot of major-country rivalry. These acts are threatening to push the world as we know it to the brink of turmoil and division.

时代大潮滚滚向前，任何倒行逆施都不得人心，也不可能长久。站在人类社会发展的重要十字路口，中欧理应本着对人类前途命运负责任的态度，从中欧人民的根本利益出发，共同抵制煽动仇恨和对抗的逆流，坚定站在历史的正确一边，为复杂多变的世界提供更多的稳定性。The tide of history always moves forward. No attempt to turn it back will find support, nor will it last. At this crossroads in human history, China and Europe should and must keep in mind our responsibilities for mankind's future and the fundamental interests of our people. We must say no to hatred and confrontation. We must stand firm on the right side of history. Together, China and Europe can bring more stability to this complex and fluid world.

首先，我们要坚决维护和平发展，共同反对分裂世界。作为负责任大国，中方坚决反对任何“新冷战”的图谋，绝不允许任何势力剥夺中国人民以及各国人民追求发展、实现美好生活的权利。我们愿与欧洲共同发出时代的强音：坚持团结，反对分裂；坚持进步，反对倒退；坚持和平发展，反对冲突对抗。First, we need to resolutely safeguard peace and development and oppose global divisions. As a responsible major country, China firmly opposes any schemes to create a new Cold War, and will not allow any force to deny the right of the Chinese people and people around the world to pursue development and a better life. China hopes to join hands with Europe to send a strong message of our times, a message for solidarity and against division, for progress and against regression, for peace and development and against conflict or confrontation.

第二，我们要坚定捍卫多边主义，共同反对单边霸凌。无论国际形势如何变化，中国都将坚定站在多边主义一边，倡导和践行共商共建共享的全球治理观。中国视欧盟为世界多极化进程中的重要力量，愿与欧方共同维护多边体系的有效性和权威性，捍卫公平正义和国际秩序。Second, we need to firmly uphold multilateralism and oppose unilateral acts of bullying. No matter how the international landscape may evolve, China will always stand firmly for multilateralism, and advocate extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance. China regards the European Union as a major force for a multi-polar world. We are prepared to work with the EU to uphold the effectiveness and authority of the multilateral system, promote fairness and justice and maintain the international order.

第三，我们要继续拓展互利合作，共同反对隔绝脱钩。今天的中国与世界早已水乳交融，寻求与中国脱钩，就是与发展的机遇脱钩，就是与最具活力的大市场脱钩。中欧作为世界两大主要经济体，应坚守自由贸易，共同维护全球产业链供应链稳定，为推动疫后全球发展繁荣发挥关键作用。Third, we need to further expand mutually beneficial cooperation and oppose seclusion and decoupling. With China deeply interconnected with the world, decoupling from China means decoupling from development opportunities and from the most dynamic market. As two major economies in the world, China and Europe must stay committed to free trade, safeguard the stability of global industrial and supply chains, and play a key role in promoting development and prosperity in the post-COVID-19 world.

第四，我们要携手应对全球挑战，共同反对以邻为壑。人类面临的风险从未像今天这样频繁而莫测。气候变化、网络安全、恐怖主义、跨国犯罪等非传统安全挑战给世界带来现实威胁，类似疫情危机的全球性挑战未来仍会发生。中欧应成为推动全球治理的典范，共同强化联合国在国际事务中的协调作用，共同反对本国优先、损人利己的行为，携手构建人类命运共同体。Fourth, we need to join hands to tackle global challenges and oppose the beggar-thy-neighbor approach. Humanity has never faced more frequent and unpredictable risks. Climate change, cyber security, terrorism, transnational crimes and other non-traditional security issues pose real threats to the world. Challenges of a global scale, such as COVID-19, could still emerge in the future. China and Europe need to set an example of advancing global governance by jointly strengthening the UN's coordinating role in international affairs. We need to reject the practices of putting one's own country first at the expense of others. We need to jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind.

各位朋友，Friends,

今年是中国同欧盟建交45周年。45年来，中欧关系发展带给我们的重要启示是，中欧没有根本利害冲突，合作远大于竞争，共识远大于分歧。中欧双方社会制度虽然不同，但不是制度性对手，而应是全方位战略伙伴。45年来，中欧关系发展带给我们的重要经验是，双方完全可以通过平等对话增进信任，通过互利合作实现共赢，通过建设性沟通妥处分歧，通过加强协调共同应对全球性挑战。This year marks the 45th anniversary of China-EU diplomatic relations. The development of our relations over the past 45 years tells us that there is no fundamental conflict of interests between China and the EU; our cooperation far outweighs competition, and there are far more areas of common understanding than disagreements. Despite the difference in social systems, China and the EU are meant to be comprehensive strategic partners, not systemic rivals. Over the 45 years, an important experience we have gained is: China and the EU are entirely able to enhance trust through dialogues on an equal footing, achieve win-win outcomes through mutually beneficial cooperation, properly address differences through constructive communications, and jointly tackle global challenges through stronger coordination.

习近平主席指出，中欧作为世界两大力量、两大市场、两大文明，主张什么、反对什么、合作什么，具有世界意义。在抗击疫情和共谋疫后复苏的关键时刻，中欧应进一步加强团结合作，按下各领域对话合作的“重启键”，充分发挥“双引擎”作用，为国际社会团结合作注入强大推动力，努力从四个方面建设伙伴关系。President Xi Jinping pointed out that China and Europe are two major forces, two big markets and two great civilizations. What we stand for, what we oppose and what we work together on can make a difference for the world. At this crucial moment of fighting COVID-19 and pursuing post-COVID-19 recovery, China and Europe should strengthen solidarity and cooperation. We should press the "continue button" to resume dialogue and cooperation across the board and act as twin engines of the world economy, to inject strong impetus to international solidarity and cooperation. To that end, I propose that we develop our partnership in the following four areas.

一是构建抗疫伙伴关系，推动疫后经济复苏合作。当前没有什么比控制疫情、挽救生命更重要。中欧应加强疫苗、药物、检测试剂研发和生产合作，共同支持世界卫生组织、“全球疫苗免疫联盟”等国际机构发挥积极作用。First, we need to build an anti-COVID-19 partnership, and promote cooperation on post-COVID-19 economic recovery. Nothing matters more than containing the virus and saving lives. China and the EU should strengthen cooperation on the development and production of vaccines, medicines and testing kits and support the WHO, Gavi and other international institutions in playing their roles.

二是强化投资伙伴关系，实现互利共赢。中欧应相向而行，尽早就中欧投资协定谈判难点问题找到解决方案，今年内达成一项全面、平衡、高水平的投资协定。在此基础上，双方有必要尽快开展自贸协定联合可行性研究，启动自贸进程。双方还应加强宏观经济政策协调，尽早达成《中欧合作2025战略规划》，为双方全方位对话合作提供制度性框架。Second, we need to enhance our investment partnership, and work for win-win results. China and the EU should take a cooperative approach in the negotiations on the bilateral investment agreement, find a solution to the outstanding issues as early as possible, and conclude a comprehensive, balanced and high-standard agreement within this year. On that basis, the two sides need to conduct a joint feasibility study at an early date to kick-start the FTA process. China and the EU should also strengthen coordination on macro-economic policies, and conclude the China-EU 2025 Strategic Agenda for Cooperation as early as possible, to provide an institutional framework for all-round dialogue and cooperation.

三是打造绿色和数字伙伴关系，拓展中欧合作新的增长点。我们应深化环境技术、循环经济、清洁能源、可持续金融等领域合作，打造中欧绿色伙伴；应加强在信息通信技术、人工智能、电子商务、大数据、云计算等领域合作，打造中欧数字伙伴，为全球数字领域标准规则作出贡献。Third, we need to foster a green and digital partnership, and create new growth areas of China-EU cooperation. We should deepen cooperation in such areas as environmental technology, circular economy, clean energy, and sustainable finance to develop a China-EU green partnership. We should strengthen cooperation in areas like information and communications technology, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, big data, and cloud computing to forge a China-EU digital partnership, and make joint contributions to global standards and rules in the digital domain.

四是深化多边合作伙伴关系，加强中欧国际事务合作。我们应进一步加强应对气候变化、生物多样性、可持续发展等对话合作，携手克服各种全球性挑战。我们还应共同维护伊核协议，推动政治解决国际和地区热点问题，加强对非三方合作，为建立一个更可持续、更加安全的世界作出更大贡献。Fourth, we need to deepen our international partnership, and work closer in multilateral affairs. We should further strengthen dialogue and cooperation on climate change, biodiversity and sustainable development, and work together to tackle global challenges. We should also jointly uphold the JCPOA, promote political settlement of regional and international hotspot issues, strengthen third-party cooperation with Africa, and contribute more to a safer and more sustainable world.

来源：外交部官网

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