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nand made 新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson22

发布时间 : 2025-04-19

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新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson22

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all?

　　Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.

　　G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　loom v. 赫然耸起

　　manifest adj.明显的

　　morality n. 道德

　　communicate v. 交流，交际

　　compound adj. 复合的

　　enhance v. 增进

　　tempo n. 速率

　　trickle n. 涓涓细流

　　torrent n. 滔滔洪流

　　humanity n. 人类

　　indifferently adv. 不在乎地

　　grimly adv. 可怖地

　　whimsical adj. 怪诞的

　　shatter v. 毁坏

　　twofold adj. 双重的

　　【课文注释】

　　1.loom，隐现(常令人生畏);即将发生。

　　①If something looms over you, it appears as a large or unclear shape, often in a frightening way.

　　例句：The mountainous island loomed on the horizon.

　　那座巨大的岛屿隐隐约约浮现在地平线上。

　　②If a worrying or threatening situation or event is looming, it seems likely to happen soon.

　　例句：The looming threat of recession made them anxious.

　　近在眼前的经济衰退让他们很是焦虑。

　　2.take place，发生。

　　take place和happen意思相近，都有发生的意思，但take place更强调有人为因素参与的某事发生、有计划的使某事发生，而happen多指没有计划的、自然发生的。来看几个例子就知道了^^

　　例句：The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine.

　　游园义卖会定於星期日举行，风雨无阻。

　　这句话用happen就不妥，因为fete是不会无计划、自然而然自己发生的。

　　例句：The accident happened at the corner of the street.

　　意外发生在街角。

　　这句话中因为accident不是人为安排的让其发生的，所以用happen更好。

　　3.undergo，经历，遭受。

　　If you undergo something necessary or unpleasant, it happens to you.

　　例句：During the past few decades, this city has undergone great changes.

　　过去的几十年中，这座城市经历了巨大的变化。

　　undergo changes是个比较正式地道的表达。

　　4.with the invention of wrinting，短语中的with是“由于”的意思。

　　5.education in its turn added to libraries，教育反过来也丰富了藏书。

　　①in turn，反过来，转而。

　　例句：One of the members of the surgical team leaked the story to a fellow physician who, in turn, confided in a reporter.

　　医疗队中的一名成员把故事告诉了一名内科医生，该内科医生转而又告诉了记者。

　　②in turn，轮流。

　　例句：The girls called out their names in turn.

　　那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。

　　6.a kind of compound interest law，一种复利法则。compound interest law有时也被称作“雪球法则”，即利上滚利，增长很快。

　　7.turn...to account，利用……。

　　例句：We should turn knowledge to good account to build a better future.

　　我们应该好好利用知识，创造一个美好的未来。

　　8.Could any spectacle,...to restore them?这句话从形式上是个疑问句，但实质上起一个加强语气的陈述句的作用，这种疑问句常被称为修辞疑问句。

　　9.this twofold use of knowledge，知识的这种双重性。

　　twofold表示双重性：You can use twofold to introduce a topic that has two equally important parts.

　　例句：The case against is twofold: too risky and too expensive.

　　反对的理由有两个：太冒险，太昂贵。

　　【参考译文】

　　为什么进步这个概念在现代世界显得如此突出?无疑是因为有一种特殊的进步实际上正在我们周围发生，而且变得越来越明显。虽然人类有智力和道德上没有得到普遍提高，但在知识积累方面却取得了巨大的进步。人一旦能用语言同别人交流思想，知识的积累便开始了。随着书写的发明，又迈进了一大步，因为这样一来，知识不仅能交流，而且能储存了。藏书使教育成为可能，而教育反过来又丰富了藏书，因为知识的增长遵循着一种“滚雪球”的规律。印刷术的发明又大大提高了知识增长的速度。所有这些发展都比较缓慢，而随着科学的到来，增长的速度才突然加快。于是，知识便开始有系统有计划地积累起来。涓涓细流汇成小溪，小溪现已变成了奔腾的江河。而且，新知识一旦获得，便得到实际应用。所谓“现代文明”并不是人的天性平衡发展的结果，而是积累起来的知识应用到实际生活中的结果。现在人类面临的问题是：用这些知识去做什么?正像人们常常指出的，知识是一把双刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用来为害。人们现在正漫不经心地把知识用于这两个方面，例如：炮兵利用科学毁坏人的身体、而外科医生就在附近用科学抢救被炮兵毁坏的人体，还有什么情景比这更可怕、更怪诞的吗?我们不得不严肃地问问我们自己：随着日益增长的知识的力量，如果我们继续利用知识的这种双重性，将会发生什么样的情况呢?

Nov 19双语新闻精选：韩画家抢摄影师饭碗，照片？画作？傻傻分不清

Good looks hinder job hunt?

长相出众求职也遭歧视?

Researchers have found one area that being pretty makes life a challenge - securing yourself a boring, low paying job. Researcherscarried out four experiments involving more than 750 participants. Participants were shown profiles of two potential job candidates that included photos, one attractive and one unattractive.

研究人员发现，颜值高的人在应聘一份枯燥乏味的低薪工作时也会因此遭到人生挑战。研究人员对750多名参与者进行了四组实验。研究人员给参与者展示两份带有照片的求职者简历，其中一张长相出众，而另一张则其貌不扬。

Participants were then asked a series of questions designed to measure their perceptions of the job candidates and whether they would hire these candidates for a less-than-desirable job. The less desirable jobs included a warehouse worker, housekeeper, customer service representative and the more desirable jobs included things like a manager, project director and IT internship.

随后，研究人员向参与者提出一系列问题，来衡量他们对求职者的看法，以及他们是否会聘用这些求职者来做一份不太理想的工作。不太理想的工作包括仓库工人、管家、客服代表，更理想的工作包括经理、项目经理、IT实习生等。

In all experiments, participants were significantly less likely to hire the attractive candidate for the less desirable job and more likely to hire the attractive candidate for the more desirable job. The research suggests the established view that attractive candidates are favored when applying for jobs that might be limited to high-level.

在所有实验中，参与者都明显更不愿雇佣颜值高的求职者从事不太理想的工作，而更愿意雇佣他们从事更理想的工作。这项研究表明，有吸引力的求职者在应聘工作时更受青睐这一既有看法可能仅适用于高级的工作。

重点词汇

1、securing

美 /sɪ'kjʊr/

adj. 固定住的；作为固定用的

v. 保卫；弄牢固（secure的ing形式）

2、carry out

vt. 执行，实行；贯彻；实现；完成

3、desirable

英 /dɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美 /dɪ'zaɪərəbl/

adj. 令人满意的；值得要的

n. 合意的人或事物

4、established

英 /ɪ'stæblɪʃt/ 美 /ə'stæblɪʃt/

adj. 确定的；已制定的，已建立的

Renters down on dream home

半数欧洲人放弃买房梦

Nearly half of Europeans who do not own their own home have given up hope of ever doing so, with pessimism highest among Britons and Germans, the results of a survey showed. The poll by Dutch bank ING found 48% of respondents in 13 European countries who did not own their own home said they probably never would.

一项调查结果显示，欧洲近半数无房一族已对买房不抱希望，其中以英国人和德国人最为悲观。荷兰银行ING进行的调查发现，在13个欧洲国家的无房受访者中，有48%的人称他们或许永远不会有房。

Hopes for being able to afford to buy a home were lowest in Britain and Germany, where about 56% of non-homeowners in both countries believed they would never be able to buy. House prices have long been out of reach for many in Britain and even with uncertainty over Brexit, data showed prices picking up speed last month.

英国人和德国人对自己能买得起房子最没信心，这两国约56%的无房民众认为自己永远没能力买房。对许多英国人来说，房价早已遥不可及。数据显示，即使脱欧带来了不确定性，上个月房价仍在加速上涨。

In Germany, though relatively cheap compared with other European countries in the past, house prices have risen sharply in recent years, partly as record low European Central Bank rates have encouraged households to take on debt. Average real estate prices in cities including Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Frankfurt have increased by more than 60% since 2010, the Bundesbank estimated.

在德国，虽然过去该国房价相较其他欧洲国家相对便宜，但近年来却大幅上涨，欧洲央行创纪录的低利率鼓励家庭举债是造成这种情况的部分原因。德国央行估计，柏林、汉堡、慕尼黑和法兰克福等城市的平均房价自2010年以来已上涨超过60%。

重点词汇

1、pessimism

英 /'pesɪmɪz(ə)m/ 美 /'pɛsɪmɪzəm/

n. 悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义

'Eternal disc' to be created

俄罗斯正研发'永久光盘'

Russian scientists are completing work on super-stable optical memory technology to create a disc capable of storing information for one million years under certain conditions. They created aprototype of an "eternal disc" and will conduct research and development work in 2018-2020, said Ivan Glebov, head of the Moscow-based laboratory of lasernanostructuring in glass at the Foundation for Advanced Research Projects.

俄罗斯科学家即将完成超级稳定的光存储技术的研发工作，以创造一种在特定条件下能将数据存储100万年的光盘。位于莫斯科的先进研究项目基金会激光纳米结构玻璃实验室主任伊万•格列博夫表示，他们制造出了"永久光盘"的原型，并将在2018-2020年开展研发工作。

格列博夫正在检验这种“永久光盘”的原型样品（右下）的稳定性。

The new storage device is made of quartz glass. To record data, afemtosecond laser delivers extremely short and intense light pulses onto a piece of quartz. The disc is resistant to fires, radiation andelectromagnetic waves. The disc will be capable of storing up to 1 TB of data in the future. Presently, the researchers are striving for 25 GB/disc datacapacity .

这种新型存储设备由石英玻璃制成。飞秒激光器将极短且强的光脉冲传送到一片石英上以刻录数据。该光盘耐火、防辐射还防电磁波。未来，该光盘将可存储高达1TB的数据。目前，研究人员力争使每个光盘的数据容量达到25GB。

重点词汇

1、optical

英 /'ɒptɪk(ə)l/ 美 /'ɑptɪkl/

adj. 光学的；眼睛的，视觉的

2、prototype

英 /'prəʊtətaɪp/ 美 /'protə'taɪp/

n. 原型；标准，模范

3、nanostructure

/'nænə(ʊ)strʌktjʊə/

纳米结构；奈米结构；无机固体化学；纳米

4、quartz

英 /kwɔːts/ 美 /kwɔrts/

n. 石英

5、femtosecond

/'femtə(ʊ)sekənd/

n. 飞秒

6、electromagnetic

英 /ɪ,lektrə(ʊ)mæg'netɪk/ 美 /ɪ,lɛktromæɡ'nɛtɪk/

adj. 电磁的

7、capacity

英 /kə'pæsɪtɪ/ 美 /kə'pæsəti/

n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力

Artist paints photos

韩画家画作逼真赛照片

South Korean artist Kim Young-sung has a very special talent, he can paint photographs. That may sound like a gross exaggeration , but just take a look at what he's able to produce with a paintbrush, someacrylic and mountains of talent and patience.

韩国艺术家金暎性有一项非常特殊的才能，他能画出"照片"。虽然听起来可能有些夸张，但只要看看他用画笔、丙烯酸树脂颜料和满腹才华与耐心绘制的画作，就能说明一切。

You can stare at his incredibly detailed painting for hours and still not be able to tell them apart fromhigh-resolution digital photos. Kim is so good at what he does that, sometimes, he himself has trouble telling his hyper-realistic paintings from the photos that inspired them.

即使你盯着这些精细到令人难以置信的画作看上个把小时，仍然无法将它们与高分辨率的数码照片区别开来。金暎性太擅长这种技法，以至于有时连他自己都难以区分哪张是他的超写实画作，哪张是激发灵感的照片。

Once, he actually mistakenly sent the press the file of a photo he took, instead of the painting he did, because they looked virtually identical to the naked eye. The 43-year-old artist, who was born in Seoul, but currently lives in New York, is one of the world's most highly-regarded hyper realistic painters, earning between $10,000 and $130,000 per artwork.

有一次，他真的错将自己拍的照片文件而不是他的画作发给了媒体，因为从肉眼看来，二者几乎别无二致。现年43岁、生于首尔、但现居纽约的金暎性是世界上最受推崇的超写实画家之一。金暎性每幅画能赚1万至13万美元。

重点词汇

1、gross

英 /grəʊs/ 美 /ɡros/

adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的

vt. 总共收入

n. 总额，总数

2、exaggeration

英 /ɪg,zædʒə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ 美 /ɪɡ,zædʒə'reʃən/

n. 夸张；夸大之词；夸张的手法

3、acrylic

英 /ə'krɪlɪk/ 美 /ə'krɪlɪk/

adj. 丙烯酸的

4、stare

英 /steə/ 美 /stɛr/

vi. 凝视，盯着看；显眼

vt. 凝视，盯着看

n. 凝视；注视

5、high-resolution

n. 高分辨率

6、hyper-realistic

超写实艺术家

7、highly-regarded

高度评价；高度重视

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson22

Nov 19双语新闻精选：韩画家抢摄影师饭碗，照片？画作？傻傻分不清

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